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Overview: This 13-minute film describes how scientists have pieced together the evolutionary history of the Antarctic icefish by studying its genome – an excellent case study for genetic evolution as both the gain and loss of genes have led to key adaptations. Author/Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grade level: 6-8 Time: 15-20 minutes Teaching tips: HHMI provides a variety of teacher resources to accompany this video: an in-depth film guide, student quiz, two demonstrations and three student lessons. Concepts: There is a fit between organisms and their environments, though not always a perfect fit. An organism’s features reflect its evolutionary history. Variation is the result of genetic recombination or mutation. The variation that occurs within a population is random. Evolution results from natural selection acting upon variation within a population Traits that are advantageous often persist in a population. Natural selection is dependent on environmental conditions. Environmental changes affect opportunities and can influence natural selection. Scientists test their ideas using multiple lines of evidence. Scientists use multiple lines of evidence to study life over time. There is variation within a population.

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